The Friendly Biologist (Facebook page)
"It’s that time. Time to talk about random viruses. I’ve been putting this post off for like a month but that’s probably ultimately a good thing since we know more about this virus with every week that people are able to study it. So what do you actually need to know about the new Coronavirus?
Mostly people haven’t paid a huge amount of attention to this family of viruses, with one notable exception being the SARS outbreak a few years back, but these are relatively common viruses that have been around since forever and (at least initially) primarily cause respiratory illness. They’re also in the “zoonotic” category, meaning they typically infect animals that aren’t people and then at some point make the jump to being able to infect people and just travel between people. We tend to worry about these things more when they can jump from person to person, because people, unlike chickens, are constantly flying all over the world and bringing viruses to new locales.
The new Coronavirus has a higher reproductive rate than SARS or the flu, which basically means it can make new viruses faster. Right now the mortality rate for the new Coronavirus is loosely calculated at just over 2%, which you have to take with a grain of salt because these aren’t easy things to calculate, but this is higher than the current flu mortality rate. At the same time, there is way less Coronavirus out there in the universe than flu. More than ten times as many people have died from the flu in the same span of time that this new Coronavirus has been active. The frightening thing with new viruses is that you can’t necessarily predict what they’re going to do, so even though it is objectively a much smaller threat than influenza at the moment, it could always spread unexpectedly and become a much bigger problem than it already is. But I guess the take home message is that if you don’t spend a significant portion of your day being scared of the seasonal flu, you shouldn’t spend your time being scared of the novel Coronavirus.
Regardless, prevention is by far the best medicine for viruses and the steps you take to prevent coming down with Coronavirus are the same steps you should be taking to prevent coming down with the flu, and so this is worth your time and energy.
First: Wash your hands. I can’t stress this enough. Somehow as a society we have decided that it’s important to disinfect our floors (it is not) but we’ll walk around touching things in public and then directly go eat a sandwich (don’t do that). Hands are our biggest disease vectors by far. Wash them when you get home. Wash them before you eat. Wash them with soap and make a bunch of suds. When you can’t wash them, carry hand sanitizer. I ride public transit around Boston every day and I carry a little bottle of the Purell Healthcare Disinfecting Spray in my pocket and furtively spray my hands every time I get off whatever disease-ridden tin can I’ve been riding in because public transportation is unreasonably disgusting. And teach your little people to wash their hands because the only thing more infectious than public transportation is an elementary school.
After washing your hands, the next best thing you can do for your immune system is to get enough sleep. There’s a lot of weird mythos about things like Vitamin C or elderberry and how they will help your immune system be its best self but the truth is that when you dig through the scientific literature, there’s really only one thing that has been shown to have a clear and direct link to proper immune system functioning and that is sleep. So go to bed. After you wash your hands.
And finally, if you suspect that you might have a serious viral infection, contact a doctor. We don’t have great antiviral drugs but they are definitely better than nothing and when all else fails, supportive care saves a huge number of lives. If you have a less severe viral infection and your job sucks and makes you come in, wear a mask. Masks aren’t necessarily effective at keeping an uninfected person from getting sick but they definitely help people who are already sick from transmitting infection. And then wash your hands some more because seriously, this is where you need to concentrate all of your energy. This is a virus that spreads by aerosols but frankly, you can’t do anything about that short of staying away from everyone, and a lot of aerosol particles make their way into your face via your hands, so I still think this is your best use of energy.
The last thing I want to mention is that this is not a hardy virus that lives for extended periods of time on surfaces, hanging out, waiting to infect people, so you can kill it with virtually any disinfectant and anything that sits out and dries for more than a little while it shouldn’t be infectious. There are some reports that it might be able to live for several days but I feel like this is unlikely and generally I wouldn’t worry about, say, shipments from overseas.
So in summary, wash your hands, try not to panic, and go to bed on time. This is basically my life advice about all things."
Further reading for data junkies:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32052514
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30920354
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