Firstly, as I said in my initial post I don't really care about the history in reference to current events, it's just too long to still be an excuse any more. But I do like history
I think this a pretty good summary of the last 75 years. I do think starting after WWII is a bit late.
I would probably start the story in the mid 1800's with the emergence of Zionism (the normal definition, not the conspiracy far-right definitions) as a strong ideology amongst the Jewish people (understandably, they were treated poorly across Europe and the Middle East).
Up to that point Palestine was super majority inhabited by Palestinians (~95% of the population, other ~5% a whole mix of groups) under the rule of the Ottomans and had been that way for several centuries. I don't think connecting events in the 1800s to the earlier slow Jewish expulsion from Palestine many centuries before by the Romans/Byzantines/early Caliphates is a realistic position, so I won't go into that earlier history at all.
Jews began to immigrate to Palestine in increasing numbers throughout the 1800s. From all across Europe, but mostly from Russia (more still came to America, hence the East Coast Jewish population today). By the early 1900s they were now a notable minority in Palestine (exact numbers disagree quite a bit, I've seen estimates ranging from 5% to 15%).
During WWI the Ottoman empire allied itself with Germany and a significant percentage of those Jewish immigrants were expelled from Palestine as they were of Russian descent (a member of the allies). They mainly went to Egypt. Upon the victory by the allies the UK came to govern the area (and significant other portions of the middle east). Jews that had been expelled during WWI returned and Jewish immigration accelerated even more, peaking with a mass movement from Europe following the end of WWII (broadly Jews in Palestine had sided with Britain and the Allies and Palestinians had sided with Germany and the Axis). The overall population distribution of the area following WWII was approximately 2/3 Palestinian and 1/3 Jewish.
Then your post, and noting that significant Jewish immigration has continued since the founding of Israel, and now the area as a whole is approximately 50% Jewish and 50% Palestinian.