tldr version - i think at the heart the difference between capitalism and socialism is an agency/choice issue.
It's interesting you phrase that agency/choice issue as upon whom money is spent. I see a different agency/choice issue; should I have the agency to pass the medical boards, the bar, produce a thesis, design a bridge, or anything other thing, I should be able to make a choice to do so facing no different obstacles than those who have a different skin color, gender, inherited wealth, etc. Enabling stronger social safety nets creates a more meritocratic society.