Contract year. He should have a great season.
That NBA players significantly boost performance in contract years has always struck me as a cliche and not necessarily evidence-based. For what it's worth, I did a quick search using different AI programs, and below is their conclusions. I don't claim this settles the question, but it tends toward confirming my suspicion than debunking it.
Perplexity
The idea that NBA players significantly improve their performance in contract years is a widespread belief, but the
evidence is mixed and often overstated.
- Some studies do show a modest increase in certain performance metrics, such as Player Efficiency Rating (PER), during contract years. For example, one study found that PER tends to go up during the contract year but then dips below the baseline after the new contract is signed1. However, not all performance metrics show improvement—blocks and steals, for instance, did not increase during the contract year, though they did decline afterward1.
- Other analyses suggest the effect is minimal or inconsistent. One study found that, on average, the PER of contract year players was actually lower than that of players with multiple years left on their contracts, though age complicates this relationship3. Another analysis using a novel measure of "overperformance" found only limited evidence of a contract year boost, with some older players showing slightly improved rebounding, but no broad, significant effect across all players or metrics2.
- Anecdotal examples (like Erick Dampier's spike in performance before a new contract) are often cited, but systematic evidence across the league is lacking or weak2. The contract year phenomenon is more robustly supported in MLB than in the NBA1.
In summary: While there is some evidence of a small, short-term boost in certain stats for some players during contract years, the overall effect is limited, inconsistent, and often exaggerated by anecdotal cases. The cliché that NBA players universally raise their game in contract years is not strongly supported by rigorous, league-wide evidence.
Claude
Several comprehensive studies have found mixed or contradictory evidence for the contract year effect. A detailed 2013 Claremont study using novel performance measures found that for certain player subsets, shooting percentage, usage percentage, and field goal attempts actually
decrease in contract years
WikipediaClaremont Colleges.
Research using both NBA and MLB data found evidence of a performance boost during contract years in some scoring statistics, but this was followed by performance crashes in post-contract years, suggesting the effect may be more about motivation undermining than genuine improvement
The contract year syndrome in the NBA and MLB: A classic undermining pattern | Request PDF.
Why The Myth Persists:
The phenomenon gets attention because of memorable anecdotal cases, but studies examining broader evidence suggest it's "much more of a myth than truth," with many finding negligible increases or even decreases in performance
SlideShareSpotrac.
Methodological Issues:
Studies show vastly different results depending on which performance metrics are used and how they're analyzed. Fixed effects regression (looking at individual player changes) often shows different results than ordinary least squares regression (comparing across players)
Contract Year Phenomenon: Myth or Truth? — Hive.
Alternative Explanations:
The timing creates confounding factors - players typically sign major contracts around ages 27-29, which coincides with when many players naturally exit their prime and begin decline, making it difficult to separate contract incentives from age-related performance changes
The Contract Year Effect in the NBA | PDF.
Chat GPT
1.
Several academic and economic studies have attempted to quantify the so-called “contract year effect.” The overall takeaway:
there is limited or modest evidence of performance improvements, and the effect size is usually small.
- Stiroh (2007, Journal of Sports Economics) analyzed NBA players and found no strong evidence that players improve in contract years. Performance seemed to follow normal variation, not strategic effort changes.
- Mazza (2015) used regression analysis and found some evidence of increases in playing time and scoring, but not across all metrics. Defensive metrics and team outcomes didn’t show consistent improvement.
- Berri and Krautmann (2006) also found only modest gains, often offset by declines the following year (post-contract letdown).
2.
- FiveThirtyEight (2016) and The Ringer (2020) analyzed performance using advanced stats like PER, WS/48, and BPM. Their conclusion: no systematic or league-wide boost in performance during contract years.
- Some analysts have noted that certain high-profile players (e.g., James Harden, Montrezl Harrell) showed notable contract-year improvement—but these are anecdotal and not representative.
3. Players in contract years might get more minutes, take more shots, or be showcased by teams looking to trade or re-sign them.
- Contract-year incentives vary—rookie contracts, veterans, max contract seekers all face different dynamics.
- Effort ≠ results: Even if players try harder, performance metrics don’t always reflect that due to factors like team role, opposition, or variance in shooting percentages.
Bottom Line:
The "contract year boost" is
more anecdotal than statistically grounded. While some players may individually raise their performance, the
aggregate data doesn’t support a significant or consistent league-wide effect.
If you’re hearing it repeated as a given truth, it’s largely sports folklore, not rigorous evidence.