h. Decline of George Washington Estate
Said Mr. S., the splendid and princely plantation of George Washington [1732-1799], the Father of his country, presents in forty-five years one of the most melancholy and remarkable instances of that ceaseless vigilance of Providence which pursues injustice with unerring certainty, from year to year, and at last overtakes and awards the punishment affixed to fundamental violations of the great rights, which the Father of all has in the welfare of his abused children.
Thousands of acres, and money in vast amount, united in the official station of President, this plantation lying within some ten or twelve miles from the three beautiful cities of Georgetown, Washington and Alexandria, partly surrounded by the majestic Potomac river, bearing on its commercial bosom ships from the ends of the world, freighted with every human want, this plantation was ready to ship at its own door, every redundancy it bore at remunerating prices.
Ed. Note: "On some of the great estates, small industries were developed and their products were sold in the neighboring counties. George Washington's distillery was famous in northern Virginia for the excellent quality of its whiskey," says William E. Woodward [1874-1950], A New American History (New York: Garden City Pub Co, Inc.; London: Faber & Faber, 1938), Part II, § 3, p 250.
While Washington was President, in 1796, one of his hundreds of slaves, Ona Maria Judge, escaped, evaded all his recapture attempts, and successfully fled to New Hampshire, says Prof. Clarence Lusane, Ph.D., Black History in the White House (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2011), Chapter 1, pp 35-47. And see reference to this incident by Rev. Parker Pillsbury, Acts (1883), p 73.
In 1797, another of his slaves (Hercules) escaped, Chapter 2, pp 77-86.
Pennsylvania law automatically freed slaves from other states "if they stayed in [Pennsylvania] continuously for six months," Lusane, supra, Chapter 1, p 41. Pennsylvania law included "prohibiting slaveholders from deliberately rotating enslaved individuals in and out of the state for the express purpose of averting their eligibility for release. . . . Washington, while president, violated it [the said law] brazenly," p. 41.
The ambition of General Washington during the last years of his retirement was to make this favored place, with his hundred slaves, his abounding wealth, the great pattern plantation of this continent. Having done much to see his high purpose accomplished, in December, 1799, he died, having emancipated his slaves by his will. Judge Bushrod Washington, his nephew,
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with a large family of slaves, with a salary of $4500 from the United States as Judge for life, succeeded his illustrious uncle; and in 1819 or thereabouts, made a large sale of some thirty to fifty slaves, being near one-half. The nation was incensed at the act; his public apology was, that he was compelled to sell part to support the rest, and thus the process of anthropophagi, or man eating man, indirectly commenced; the cultivation was miserable and the bushes encroached; some fields by 1828 or 1829 at the time of the Judge's death began to be given up.
John A. Washington, the nephew of the Judge, succeeds [inherits]; the woods still gained; field after field, under slave and master's cultivation, went back to primeval forest. And about 1839 or '40 Colonel Washington died, and in the month of April or May, 1842, the widow and her children were like Adam and Eve from Paradise driven out. "Great Burnam Wood had come to Dunsinane" as in Macbeth; the door was locked, the gate was shut, slavery's curse and the wilderness had expelled them from this ancient home of America's great man. This is slavery, sooner or later, everywhere; the curse of Heaven is upon it.