Can you please explain to us the LDS version of the Plan of Salvation
Please include the major Players (God, Lucifer, Jesus) before, after, and where they are now.
Sure. I'll give my version of the standard LDS plan of salvation. And "plan of salvation" is commonly interpreted as "history of existence and purpose of life" in addition to the part specifically related to salvation, so that's what I will discuss.
1. God, our Heavenly Father, at some point became the father of our spirits. What this actually means in LDS doctrine isn't quite clear, because although we believe he is literally our creator and our father, we also believe that we have existed in some form from all eternity. How I personally interpret this, is to say that initially(*) we existed as some form of pure intelligence, and then God organized our "intelligences" into spiritual bodies.
2. Jesus, Lucifer, and the rest of us were all part of that group of spirits, although Jesus was enough like God to be considered God himself, that is "God the Son".
3. God wanted us to become more like him, and to do that he and Jesus developed a plan where we would be born, gain mortal bodies, live, and die. Many LDS consequently view this mortal existence as kind of like going away to college--we could only progress so far while we were in the presence of God, so we needed to leave His presence to progress farther. If we progress the way God desires, then we will be able to return to His presence after we die. To make known God's desires for us, God employs both the Holy Ghost (who speaks to each person individually) as well as prophets and apostles (who convey His words to people as a whole).
4. Lucifer (Satan) rebelled against this plan, and led away about one third of the spirits. He and they were consequently cast out of God's presence. He and they are real forces for evil in the world around us, who among other things offer temptations to lead us astray from God's plan.
5. As part of being separated from God and being tempted by Satan, we naturally sin. That's a serious issue because nothing unclean can live in the presence of God. God's plan therefore provided a Savior for us. Jesus, the Savior, paid the price for our sins so that if we accept His sacrifice and follow His teachings, we can be cleansed from sin and return to God having fulfilled our purpose for being born.
6. Because some people don't receive the opportunity to learn about Jesus and accept Him while alive, the gospel continues to be taught in what I'll call "the immediate hereafter". The immediate hereafter is what LDS typically refer to as the "spirit world".
7. At some point comes the resurrection, where our spirits literally take on physical bodies again--but this time, glorified immortal bodies. The resurrection is accompanied by our judgment.
8. After the judgment, the righteous return to the presence of God and Jesus in what we term the "celestial kingdom" and receive what we term the "celestial glory". These individuals will be like God, having fulfilled God's plan for their progression. Others will receive lesser glories.
I think that's pretty much it, in as much as a nutshell as I could fit things in.
(*) whatever that word might mean in the context of a past timeline going to infinity
